As winter temperatures set in, your excavators face unique challenges that can affect their performance, reliability and longevity. From thickened engine oil to frozen fuel lines, cold weather can put a strain on your equipment. Winterising your excavator is a critical step to ensure it continues to operate smoothly, minimises the risk of costly breakdowns and avoids unexpected downtime on the job site.
In this article, we’ll walk you through essential tips and best practices for preparing your excavator for the cold months, covering everything from fluid changes to battery care.
Browse our excavator range here.
Change the oil and oil filter
Cold temperatures can cause oil to thicken, as the molecules in the oil lose energy and move more slowly, increasing the oil’s viscosity (making it thicker or more sluggish). The colder the oil, the thicker it becomes, and this makes it more difficult to pump through the engine or hydraulic system.
Before winter sets in, make sure to change the engine oil and the oil filter to ensure the engine is properly lubricated during the colder months.
You might also want to consider using a winter-grade oil or one that’s designed for colder weather operation, as this will be more viscous and flow better in lower temperatures.
When disposing of oil, make sure that it is disposed of correctly in accordance with local environmental regulations, including the Control of Pollution (Oil Storage) Regulations 2001.
Check and replace fuel filters
Winter can cause fuel to gel, especially if you’re using diesel. Fuel gelling happens when diesel thickens and solidifies at low temperatures due to the formation of wax crystals (diesel contains paraffin wax).
Replace the fuel filters and consider adding a fuel conditioner to prevent gelling and improve cold-start performance.
Diesel fuel can also absorb water, which can freeze in the fuel lines. Make sure to drain any water from the fuel system.
Inspect and replace hydraulic fluid
Hydraulic oil can thicken too in cold temperatures, which can result in sluggish performance or damage to your excavator’s hydraulic components. Consider using a low-viscosity hydraulic oil rated for cold weather.
Now is also a good time to check for leaks or any signs of wear on hydraulic hoses and fittings, and replace any that are damaged.
Proper disposal of hydraulic fluids is governed by environmental regulations. The Environmental Protection Act 1990 and the Waste (England and Wales) Regulations 2011 require businesses to manage waste in an environmentally responsible matter.
Check the battery
Cold temperatures can reduce a battery’s ability to hold a charge because low temperatures slow down the chemical reactions inside the battery which are essential for generating electrical power in your excavator. The electrolyte inside the battery becomes more viscous at lower temperatures, making it harder for ions to move between the battery’s plates and reducing its overall capacity.
Cold weather can also cause a drop in the battery’s voltage, making it harder for your excavator’s battery to start the engine.
Grease all moving parts
Grease will protect your excavator from rust and ensure smooth operation in cold conditions. Apply grease to all of the excavator’s moving parts, including joints, pivots and undercarriage components. Consider using a grease that’s rated for low temperatures to ensure that it stays effective in the winter.
Inspect the cooling system
Top up your coolant levels – check the excavator’s coolant reservoir and make sure the coolant is in between the ‘’min’’ and ‘’max’’ marks when the engine is cold.
Make sure the coolant is clean – if it’s murky, rusty or discoloured, it may need to be flushed and replaced.
Check the tracks and undercarriage
Cold weather can cause tracks to contract, so check the track tension on your excavator and adjust it if necessary. Inspect the undercarriage for wear or damage and ensure the tracks are free of debris.
If possible, store the excavator on a level surface to prevent track tension from becoming uneven during extended periods of inactivity,
Seal any leaks
Cold weather can exacerbate small leaks, so don’t forget to check all of your excavator’s seals, gaskets and hoses for signs of damage or wear. Replace damages seals, no matter how minor the damage appears, as this prevents escalation and worse damage to your machine.
Winterise the cabin
If your excavator has an enclosed cabin, check the heater and defrosting systems to ensure they are working properly. Clean and replace cabin filters and check wiper blades to make sure they’re not frozen or damaged before using them.
Consider using windshield washer fluid that contains antifreeze to prevent freezing during operation.
Store properly (if not in use)
If your excavator will not be in use for extended periods of time over the winter, consider storing it in a dry, sheltered area to protect it from extreme cold and moisture.
If you’re leaving the excavator outside, use a cover to protect it from snow, ice and rain.
Check tyre pressure (for wheeled excavators)
If you’re using a wheeled excavator, check your tyre pressure regularly during winter. Air contracts in low temperatures and can lead to under-inflated tyres. Keeping tyres properly inflated ensures optimal traction and helps you avoid issues with flat tyres.
Prepare for cold starts
You might consider installing an engine block heater to make starting your excavator easier in extremely cold conditions. This will keep the engine warm and make it easier to start the machine in the morning.
Have a set of jumper cables or a portable jump starter on hand in case the battery fails.
Inspect and replace air filters
Cold weather can reduce air flow and performance if the excavator’s air filters are clogged with dirt or debris. Replace any dirty filters and ensure the air intake is clear of any blockages.
Proper winterisation is crucial for maintaining the performance, efficiency, and longevity of your excavator during the colder months. By following essential steps—such as changing oils, checking fuel systems, inspecting the battery, and ensuring fluid levels are adequate—you can minimise the risk of costly repairs, avoid operational delays, and ensure your machine is ready for action when you need it most.
Why not check out our guide on safe winter construction here?
At Ace-Plant, we offer thorough after sales service packages as well as servicing and inspections of your own equipment too. To find out more, get in touch with our team on 01908 562191 or hire@aceplant.co.uk. Alternatively, fill out a contact form and our team will be in touch!